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Shading puzzle guide

How to play Nonograms

Nonograms, also called Griddlers, Paint by Numbers, Hanjie or Picross, are picture logic puzzles. Numbers beside each line tell you the filled blocks, and the right cells reveal a picture.

Medium to learn8 min read5×5, 10×10, 15×15 and 20×20Also called Griddlers
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A plus, finished. Crosses are notes, not clues

Rules

The grid starts empty. The clues sit to the left of each row and above each column. You fill cells you know are in a block, and you cross cells you know are empty.

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  1. Blocks, in order. Each number is a block of that many filled cells. In a row they run left to right. In a column they run top to bottom. The blocks stay in the same order as the numbers.
  2. A gap between blocks. Two blocks in the same line have at least one empty cell between them. Empty cells may also sit before the first block and after the last.
  3. A blank line. A line with no numbers is empty. Cross every cell.
  4. Fill and cross. Fill a cell you know is in a block. Cross a cell you know is empty. A cross is your note. It is not part of the printed clue.
  5. Row and column together. The picture is done when every row and every column matches its clues. The same cell belongs to both.

One reading of clues 2 1. Cells 2 and 3 are the 2, cell 5 is the 1, and cell 4 is the gap. The 2 and the 1 can both slide, so this colouring is not the only one.

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Row 3 and column 3 are both a 5, so they are the bar of the plus. Column 1’s single block is the centre, so the corner cell is empty. The cross is a note you write, not a printed given.

Every Nonogram on PuzzleKite has exactly one solution, and you can reach it by logic. You never need to guess. Easy, medium and hard are the size settings on the board: they describe which kind of step finishes the grid.

Slides and the count

Blank lines and full lines come first. Slide each block to both ends and fill the cells covered both ways. When the filled cells add up to the clues, cross the rest of the line.

Empty lines and full lines Easy

Do these before anything else. Each one is finished in a single look.

No numbers. Cross all five cells.

5

A 5 in a row of 5 fills cells 1 to 5.

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4 + 1 + 3, plus one empty cell between each block, is 10. The line has one placement: fills on cells 1 to 4, 6, and 8 to 10, with crosses on cells 5 and 7.

Simple boxes Easy

Slide each block as far left as it fits, and as far right as it fits. Cells covered both ways are filled. For one clue of k cells in a line of n, that is the middle 2k − n cells, when twice the clue is longer than the line. The ends stay unknown until something else fixes them.

3

The smallest box

A 3 in five cells covers cell 3 either way. Cells 1, 2, 4 and 5 can still go either way, so leave them blank.

7
A 7 in a row of 10 has only three cells of room. Cells 4 to 7 are filled whichever end the block sits against.
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Two clues, two boxes. The 4 covers cells 3 and 4 either way, and the 3 covers cell 8. You do not need the line to be half full of one number.

The rest of an easy grid is these marks, the count in the next section, and the same marks read down the crossing line. The later sections are the moves you need when the two slides still disagree.

When the count is met Easy

Add the clues. When that many cells are already filled, cross every unknown cell in the line. The other half of the same count: when the cells you have not crossed are exactly the clue sum, fill all of them.

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Clues 3 and 1 add to 4, and four cells are already filled. Cells 4, 6, 7 and 8 are empty. That colouring is the only legal one, so the line is finished.

Auto-cross writes these crosses for you. It is on by default. This is the whole line. A later section is different: one clue is finished and another clue is still waiting, so the sum has not been reached and these slides write nothing.

Cells out of reach

Cross a cell no block can still use: a cell every placement misses, a block stuck to one end, a pocket that is too short, the cell beside a finished clue, and the cells that join or split a block.

Cells no block can reach

Once a cell is filled, throw away every placement that misses it. A cell that is empty in all the placements that remain is a cross, even when the block can still slide. The two end slides do not always see these crosses. This is the first move that an easy grid’s two slides miss.

4
A 4 that has to cover cell 4 can end no later than cell 7, so cells 8 to 10 are empty. Cells 1 to 3 and 5 to 7 stay open. Sliding the 4 to both ends of the blank parts of the line writes nothing new.

Edge forcing Easy

A filled cell near the end of the line sticks the block to that end. Sometimes called glue. Fill every cell the block then has to cover, and cross the cell just after a block that is now finished.

4
A fill in cell 1 with clue 4 finishes the line. Cells 1 to 4 are the block. Cell 5, and the rest, are empty.
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The block is not pinned to the wall. A fill in cell 2 with clue 3 forces cell 3. Cells 1 and 4 can still go either way. Cells 5 and 6 are empty for the same reason as the tail in the previous section, so they are left off this picture.

A gap that is too small

A cross splits the line into pockets. A pocket shorter than every clue that could still sit there is empty. If the other pocket is exactly the clue, the block fills it. If the other pocket is longer, the block still slides, and the short pocket is a cross the two end slides can miss.

5
An empty cell 5 leaves a pocket of 4 and a pocket of 5. Clue 5 cannot sit on the left, so it fills cells 6 to 10, and cells 1 to 4 are empty.
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An empty cell 3 leaves a pocket of 2, which cannot hold a 3, and a pocket of 5, where the 3 still slides. The first write is cell 6, the centre of that pocket. Cells 1 and 2 are the short pocket, crossed because no placement reaches them. Cells 4, 5, 7 and 8 stay open.

A finished clue

When one block is finished and another clue is still left, cross the cell beside the finished block. The count from section 2 has not been reached, so this cross is not auto-cross. Both neighbours of a finished 1 are empty, because a 1 cannot grow.

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Cells 1 and 2 are a finished 2 against the wall. Cell 3 is the gap. The second 2 is still free somewhere in cells 4 to 10.
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A filled cell with clues 1 1 is a finished 1, whichever of the two 1s it is. Both neighbours are empty. Cells 1 and 5 to 10 stay open.

Joining and splitting

Joining Easy

Two fills that a single clue has to cover are one block. The cells between them join it, and the cells after the block are empty.

5
Clue 5, with fills in cells 1 and 5. The span is exactly 5, so they are one block. Cells 2 to 4 fill, and cells 6 to 10 are empty.

Splitting

Two fills that cannot belong to the same block need a cross between them. The first 2 that covers cell 2 ends by cell 3. The second 2 that covers cell 6 starts at cell 5 or later. Cell 4 is the cell between those two reaches. The tail is empty because both blocks are already accounted for further left.

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Clues 2 2, fills in cells 2 and 6. Cross cell 4, and cross cells 8 to 10. Cells 1, 3, 5 and 7 can still extend a block, so leave them open. The two end slides write nothing here.

The crossing line Easy

A cell you fill or cross in a row is new information for its column, and the other way around. After each line, read the lines that share those cells. Easy puzzles are this loop with the two slides and the count. Medium and hard use the same loop with the crosses from the sections above. On 10×10 and up, hard means the loop runs longer, not that you try a cell.

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First move

The plus from the rules, still empty. Row 3 is a 5, so that row fills. Column 3 is also a 5 and would fill itself with no help, so it is not the example of a row telling a column something new.

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The row tells the column

Row 3’s fill puts column 1’s only black cell in place, so the rest of column 1 is empty. A blank column with clue 1 forces nothing until that cell is known. Columns 2, 4 and 5 do the same thing.

On a medium grid the mark you carry across is often a cross from the sections above, not only a fill from the two slides.

What if 5×5 hard

Use this only when every row and column has stopped. Pick one unknown cell. Try one colour. If following the lines runs into a row or column that cannot hold its clues, that colour is wrong, so write the other colour. Then go back to the lines.

On this site the only puzzles that need the step are some 5×5 hard grids, and each of them needs it once. A 10×10, 15×15 or 20×20 hard grid still finishes by lines. If a large grid feels stuck, there is a line you have not read, not a guess to make.

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What if it is empty
The empty guess dies

Row 1 is 1 1. Cross cell 2 and follow the lines. Row 3 cannot hold a 2.

  1. Row 1 now starts with two crosses. The only fit in the last three cells is fill, cross, fill.
  2. Column 2 is 2 1. Row 1 is empty, row 2 is filled, row 4 is crossed and row 5 is filled. The 2 has to be rows 2 and 3, so row 3 column 2 fills.
  3. Column 3 is 2 1. Rows 1 and 2 are filled, row 4 is crossed and row 5 is filled. The 2 is the top pair, so row 3 column 3 crosses.
  4. Column 4 is a single 1, and row 3 column 4 is the only cell still open, so it fills.
  5. Column 5 is 2 1, the same shape as column 3, so row 3 column 5 crosses.
  6. Row 3 is now cross, fill, cross, fill, cross against a clue of 2. No two filled cells can touch. The empty colour is wrong, so cell 2 of row 1 is filled. The lines then finish the picture.
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What if it is filled
The filled guess dies

Row 1 is a 2. Fill cell 2 and the block sticks. A later row is left with two filled cells touching under clues 1 1.

  1. The 2 is cells 1 and 2, or cells 2 and 3. Cells 4 and 5 are past both, so they cross.
  2. Column 2 is 2 1. Rows 1 and 2 are filled, row 4 is already crossed and row 5 is already filled. The 2 is rows 1 and 2, so row 3 column 2 crosses, and row 5 is the 1.
  3. Column 4 is 2 1. Row 1 is now crossed and row 2 is filled, so the 2 is rows 2 and 3, row 4 crosses, and row 5 fills.
  4. Column 5 is 1 1. The same pass fills rows 3 and 5 and crosses row 4.
  5. Row 3 is now empty, cross, empty, fill, fill against clues 1 1. Cells 4 and 5 are one block of 2. Both clues are 1s. The filled colour is wrong, so cell 2 of row 1 is a cross. The lines then finish the picture.
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What if it is empty
A cross cuts the clue in half

A shorter death. Row 1 is a 2. Cross cell 2, and row 3 is left with two open cells that do not touch.

  1. Row 1 now starts with two crosses. A 2 in the remaining three cells fills the middle one, so cell 4 fills.
  2. Column 2 is 1 2, with row 1 empty and row 4 already filled. The 1 has to sit above the 2, and the 2 cannot be rows 3 and 4, because that would touch the 1. So the 2 is rows 4 and 5, row 3 column 2 crosses, and the 1 is row 2 column 2.
  3. Column 4 is a single 1. With row 1 column 4 filled, that 1 is placed, and rows 2, 3 and 5 in the column cross.
  4. Row 2’s new fill, with clue 1, crosses the rest of row 2 that is still open.
  5. Row 3 is now empty, cross, cross, cross, empty against a clue of 2. The two open cells are not next to each other. The empty colour is wrong, so cell 2 of row 1 is filled. The lines then finish the picture.

Common mistakes

Each red mark is a line that cannot hold its clues, except the early cells of a 7, which are only a guess.

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Clues 2 2 need the gap. The line is fill, fill, cross, fill, fill. Filling cell 3 breaks it.
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Two 1s are not a 2. Filled cells that touch are one block. A 1 in cell 1 needs cell 2 empty.
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The cells covered both ways are 4 to 7. Painting cells 1 to 3 is a guess. Those cells can still be empty. The leftmost place for the 7 does use them, so the line is not broken. They are just not forced yet.
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A 4 in five cells fills cells 2 to 4. Crossing cell 3 breaks the line.
A line with no numbers has no filled cells.

What to play next

Each setting adds a kind of step. The links open a real size.

  1. EasySlides and the countSlide each block to both ends and fill the cells covered both ways. Cross a line once its filled cells add up to its clues. Then read the crossing line. Blank rows, full rows, and lines whose clues pack the width are the opening.Play Easy →
  2. MediumCells every placement leaves emptyThe two end slides are not enough. Cross a cell that every remaining placement leaves empty: a tail past a block, a pocket that is too short, the cell beside a finished clue, the gap that splits two fills.Play Medium →
  3. HardA longer loop, or one what-ifOn 10×10, 15×15 and 20×20, hard is the same line logic with more trips between rows and columns. On 5×5, hard is one what-if, then the lines finish.Play Hard →

Grids come in 5×5, 10×10, 15×15 and 20×20. On 5×5, hard is one what-if: open a 5×5 hard grid. The daily puzzle is a 10×10 easy grid, the same one for everyone that day: today’s daily or a 10×10 easy board. For pencil and paper, print a Nonograms pack.

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